在上一篇文章中我们为大家分析了雅思Heading题的重要性，为何难等内容，下面我们将继续为大家分析Heading题型的解题方法。

　　Eg: 剑六文章“Motivating Employees under Adverse Conditions”

　　There is an abundance of evidence to support the motivational benefits that result from carefully matching people to jobs. For example, if the job is running a small business or an autonomous unit within larger business, high achievers should be sought. However, if the job to be filled is a managerial post in a large bureaucratic organisation, a candidate who has a high need for power and a low need for affiliation should be selected. Accordingly, high achievers should not be put into jobs that are inconsistent with their needs. High achievers will do best when the job provides moderately challenging goals and where there is independence and feedback. However, it should be remembered that not everybody is motivated by jobs that are high in independence, variety and responsibility.

　　首句意思为如果matching people to jobs, 即让人做合适的工作，会带来回报。所以对应选项为Ⅷ ensure employees are suited to their jobs。

　　The literature on goal-setting theory suggests that managers should ensure that all employees have specific goals and receive comments on how well they are doing in those goals. For those with high achievement needs, typically a minority in any organisation, the existence of external goals is less important because high achievers are already internally motivated. The next factor to be determined is whether the goals should be assigned by a manager or collectively set in conjunction with the employees. The answer to that depends on perceptions of goal acceptance and the organisation's culture. If resistance to goals is expected, the use of participation in goal-setting should increase acceptance. If participation is inconsistent with the culture, however, goals should be assigned. If participation and the culture are incongruous, employees are likely to perceive the participation process as manipulative and be negatively affected by it.

　　首句意思为管理者应该确保员工有明确目标并收到对自己工作表现的评价，所以对应选项为Ⅶ establish targets and give feedback。

　　从以上例子不难看出，首尾句和转折词还是非常重要的雅思Heading题解题技巧的。所以对于分数要求不高的同学，heading题采取这个传统方法还是有一定的便利性的。但很多时候大家会发现，仅仅根据这两个方面，并不能总是得到正确答案，这是因为不是所有段落的主旨句都出现在首尾句(如上述telecommunications的例子)，并且很多时候首尾句关键词会成为干扰选项(详见下文例子)。另外，转折处固然很重要，但如果只看转折处并不能理解整段在说什么。所以，一个严峻的问题摆在大家面前，就是如果想在雅思heading题上获得比较大的正确率，通读全段变得不可避免。但如果逐字逐词地读，时间肯定是不够的。好在雅思阅读的一个特点是段落在遣词造句方面非常有逻辑，这就意味着句与句之间的关系非常清楚，如果我们能搞懂句与句的逻辑关系，那整段的主旨就很明显了。特别是对于难度较大、仅靠首尾句无法判断甚至选错选项的题目，打破首尾句的传统，巧用句与句之间的逻辑关系，就变得特别重要，能保证大家基本拿到满分。

　　2. 读懂大概，利用逻辑

　　Eg: 剑八文章“Land of the Rising Sum”

　　It is remarkable that large, mixed-ability classes could be kept together for Maths throughout all their compulsory schooling from 6 to 15. Teachers say that they give individual help at the end of a lesson or after school, setting extra work if necessary. In observed lessons, any strugglers would be assisted by the teacher or quietly seek help from their neighbour. Carefully fostered class identity makes pupils keen to help each other - anyway, it is in their interests since the class progresses together.

　　This scarcely seems adequate help to enable slow learners to keep up. However, the Japanese attitude towards education runs along the lines of 'if you work hard enough, you can do almost anything'. Parents are kept closely informed of their children's progress and will play a part in helping their children to keep up with class, sending them to 'Juku' (private evening tuition) if extra help is needed and encouraging them to work harder. It seems to work, at least for 95 per cent of the school population.

　　如果只看首句，大家很容易被compulsory schooling迷惑，错选Ⅲ The success of compulsory education。但是我们快速扫一遍每一句话，在注意到没有转折词(即不会出现重要意思改变)的情况下，我们发现几乎每一句话都有help这个单词或者其近义词assist等，所以整段都跟help others有关，正确答案应为Ⅱ Helping less successful students。

　　Eg: 剑九文章“Is anybody out there?”

　　Ever when we make these assumptions, our understanding of other life forms is still severely limited. We do not even know, for example, how many stars have planets, and we certainly do not know how likely it is that life will arise naturally, given the right conditions. However, when we look at the 100 billion stars in our galaxy (the Milky Way), and 100 billion galaxies in the observable Universe, it seems inconceivable that at least one of these planets does not have a life form on it; in fact, the best educated guess we can make, using the little that we do know about the conditions for carbon-based life, leads us to estimate that perhaps one in 100,000 stars might have a life-bearing planet orbiting it. That means that our nearest neighbours are perhaps 100 light years away, which is almost next door in astronomical terms.

　　首句主要意思为人类对于其他生命了解还非常有限，如果只看首句，很容易选择干扰项Ⅵ Knowledge of extra-terrestrial intelligence。我们观察一下句与句之间的关系，第二句话是for example, 是对首句举例子，起支持作用的，因此可忽略，因为没有出现重大意思改变。第三句话转折，通过分析长难句得到主句：it seems inconceivable that at least one of these plants does have a life form on it, 讲其他星球存在生命的可能性。后面in fact表示递进关系，可以忽略。最后一句话容易让大家选择干扰项Ⅲ vast distances to Earth’s closest neighbors。所以通过这样很快浏览原文每句话的大意，以及句与句之间的关系，我们很快将一篇难度较大、篇幅较长的段落缩成两个大意思，即“知之甚少”和“生命存在可能性”。又因为however后面比较重要，因此正确选项为Ⅶ likelihood of life on other planets。

　　Eg: 剑九文章“The development of museums”

　　It could be claimed that in order to make everything in heritage more ‘real’, historical accuracy must be increasingly altered. For example, Pithecanthropus erectus is depicted in an Indonesian museum with Malay facial features, because this corresponds to public perceptions. Similarly, in the Museum of Natural History in Washington, Neanderthal man is shown making a dominant gesture to his wife. Such presentations tell us more about contemporary perceptions of the world than about our ancestors. There is one compensation, however, for the professionals who make these interpretations: if they did not provide the interpretation, visitors would do it for themselves, based on their own ideas, misconceptions and prejudices. And no matter how exciting the result, it would contain a lot more bias than the presentations provided by experts.

　　首句是为了看起来更真实，要改变准确性。后面第二句和第三句因为出现了for example和地点或人名，所以都是例子，可忽略不计。第四句话是总结句。后面的转折句大意为专家提供解释比游客自己解释更好。所以通过观察句与句之间的逻辑，我们很快将一个长段落总结成几个小意思，答案很容易选出来：interpreting the facts to meet visitor expectations。

　　For the Inuit the problem is urgent. They live in precarious balance with one of the toughest environments on earth. Climate change, whatever its causes, is a direct threat to their way of life. Nobody knows the Arctic as well as the locals, which is why they are not content simply to stand back and let outside experts tell them what's happening. In Canada, where the Inuit people are jealously guarding their hard-won autonomy in the country's newest territory, Nunavut, they believe their best hope of survival in this changing environment lies in combining their ancestral knowledge with the best of modern science. This is a challenge in itself.

　　只看首句得知主旨与Inuit有关，但无法选择，因为两个选项都出现了关键词。快速扫第二、三两句，无转折，是对首句的支持，可忽略。读到第四句，可在两个选项中选出正确选项The reaction of the Inuit community to climate change。

　　雅思Heading题不只要看首尾句或转折词，因为很多时候首尾句出现的关键词会成为干扰项，只看转折词并不能准确判断上下文讨论的内容，因此最好的方法是每句都看，但只看重点，然后分析句与句之间的关系，结合转折处。如果某一句是上一句的并列、举例、递进等平行关系，可忽略不计。如果是重大意思转折处，要仔细看。这样，我们既在最短的时间内浏览了全段，又能搞清楚句与句之间的关系从而总结出主要内容，保证heading题的正确率。

　　以上就是青岛朗阁的老师为大家讲解的雅思Heading题的内容了，希望大家看了上面的内容能够有所启发。大家可以按照上面的方法来进行雅思Heading题的备考，熟能生巧，等到真正到了雅思考场上就能得心应手的运用了。

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