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朗阁雅思:雅思阅读填空题的提速小窍门(上)

来源:朗阁海外考试研究中心   

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   发布日期:2017-05-17 16:48

摘要:青岛朗阁今日为各位考生带来的考试小窍门是:快速解答雅思阅读填空题。希望大家做好笔记,认真学习,争取在即将到来的考试中流畅运用,进而取得理想成绩。

  雅思阅读考试中的填空题经常被看作是英语能力较弱的考生的救命稻草,那么,在已经可以保证正确率的前提下,如何提高做题速度,为其他困难的题省出时间呢?朗阁海外考试研究中心的丁老师在本文中将和大家一起来探讨这个问题。
 


 

  填空题在雅思阅读中主要体现为以下几种形式:

  一、填空型摘要summary

  雅思阅读考试中的摘要通常是在文章刚开始的时候,出现的一些只言片语,这样的只言片语是对整篇文章进行的概括。

  例1:

  Complete the summary below. Choose No More Than Two Words from the passage for each answer. Write your answers in boxes 1-4 on your answer sheet.

  There are currently approximately 6,800 language in the world. This great variety of languages came about largely as a result of geographical 1….. But in today’s world, factors such as government initiatives and 2…… are contributing to a huge decrease in the number of languages. One factor which may help to ensure that some endangered languages do not die out completely is people’s increasing appreciation of their 3…. This has been encouraged though programmes of languages classes for children and through ‘apprentice’ schemes, in which the endangered language is used as the medium of instruction to teach people a 4….. Some speakers of endangered languages have even produced writing systems in order to help secure the survival of their mother tongue.
 

  例2:

  Complete the summary of paragraph G below.

  Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from the passage for each answer.

  A linguist can use a corpus to comment objectively on 37______. Some corpora include a wide range of language while others are used to focus on a 38_______. The length of time the process takes will affect the 39_______ of the corpus. No corpus can ever cover the whole language and so linguists often find themselves relying on the additional information that can be gained from the 40________ of those who speak the language concerned.
 

  观察以上两个例子,不难发现,填空型summary就是根据原文内容,选填词汇或者短语。这类填空的难点是:如何进行快速定位?定位之后如何快速获取正确答案?下面,青岛朗阁带你解答:
 

  (一). 如何进行快速定位?

  考生们在进行详细定位时,可以对该段落的大致范围作出预判,比如说定位到原文中的某个段落,一般来说,以下几点可以帮助考生定位:summary的题目要求,summary是否分段,summary是否具有小标题,summary题目数量的多少,特殊名词的标记,核心名词。

  例:

  A. Summary题目要求中直接给出段落自然是最好。如以上例2, 直接告知考生定位到原文中的范围--G段。遇到这种情况,暗自偷笑的同时,考生们应该静下心来,准备划取关键词进行下一步的小定位。

  B. 然而,绝大多数题目都是没有直接告知段落的,这时候只能更进一步去分析一些细节。建议考生关注的是summary是否存在分段,如果摘要部分是分成了好几段,一般就可以在原文中看到对应的多个段落,大家在定位时应该多注意这个规律。

  C. 除了以上两条规律以外,考生们还可以关注一下,这个summary段落是不是有小标题呢?一般来说,如果summary有小标题,那么文章的话题就和文章的内容不完全吻合,而只是文章中的一个小部分。故,在定位到原文中的位置时,也会有对应的某个段落或者某些段落。

  D. 如果以上提到的三点建议与雅思阅读考试中的summary都不符合,那么各位考生就可以大致看一下题目数量:题目数量较多(≥4),一般定位范围是整篇文章,而如果题目数量较少,一般定位范围也是文章中的某个段落。

  E. 除此之外,考生们可以通过观察该段落中是否含有特殊词汇,如数字,大写,斜体,引号之类的词,帮助大致圈定定位范围。

  F. 一般情况下,利用以上五条规律已经能帮大家快速定位文章段落了。但是如果真的遇到“变态”题目的话,考生们就只能“老老实实”地划取核心词,去文章中scanning了。
 

  (二). 定位之后如何快速获取答案?

  一旦你在雅思阅读的原文中找到了所对应的句子,就需要把题目中带有空格的句子与原文中的句子进行比较,寻找突破口。

  根据朗阁海外考试研究中心的丁老师研究发现,在summary中所填单词一般为名词或者名词短语,所以你在原文中寻找的突破口一般来讲都是名词。而当你再次回顾到题目要求的时候,不难发现这样的字眼:Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from the passage for each answer. 一句话总结:所缺即所得,忽略动介词。
 

  (三). 真题演练:

  C4T3P3 Questions 37-40

  Complete the summary of paragraph G below. Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from the passage for each answer.

  A linguist can use a corpus to comment objectively on 37______. Some corpora include a wide range of language while others are used to focus on a 38_______. The length of time the process takes will affect the 39_______ of the corpus. No corpus can ever cover the whole language and so linguists often find themselves relying on the additional information that can be gained from the 40________ of those who speak the language concerned.
 

  原文G段:

  A representative sample of language, complied for the purpose of linguistic analysis, is known as a corpus. ①A corpus enables the linguist to make unbiased statements about frequency of usage, and it provides accessible data for the use of different researchers. Its range and size are variable. Some corpora attempt to cover the language as a whole, taking extracts from many kinds of text; ②others are extremely selective, providing a collection of material that deals only with a particular linguistic feature. The size of the corpus depends on practical factors, such as the time available to collect, process and store the data: it can take up to several hours to provide an accurate transcription of a few minutes of speech. Sometimes a small sample of data will be enough to decide a linguistic hypothesis; by contrast, corpora in major research projects can total millions of words. An important principle is that all corpora, whatever their size, are inevitably limited in their coverage, and always need to be supplemented by data derived from the intuitions of native speakers of the language, though either introspection or experimentation.
 

  解析:

  37题很容易划取到关键词linguist和corpus,回到原文,定位到G段①句,把两句话进行比较,你会发现,所填内容均为动介词短语,且两个短语之间相互同义替换。

  原文中的make statement about和题目中的comment on都可以表示评价,而它们的修饰词unbiased表示没有偏见的,则与objective交相呼应。

  接下来的38题更为容易,题目中出现的以some…others…相连接的句子,两者之间形成对比,而定位到原文之后发现所对应内容为句②,根据空格判断应填单数或者单数名词(通过冠词A来判断),名词短语范围缩小到:collection of material和particular linguistic feature, 再根据动介词短语,focus on与deal only with的同义替换,确定答案为后者。
 

  以上,就是如何快速解答雅思阅读填空型summary的小窍门,至于其他填空类题型,如句子填空, 简答题应该如何作答,请待青岛朗阁下回为您分解。快速通道:朗阁雅思:雅思阅读填空题提速小窍门(下)

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