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托福听力讲座部分文章结构(上)

来源:朗阁海外考试研究中心   

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   发布日期:2017-10-20 10:13

摘要:托福听力对话部分的文章结构在上节内容中我们已经为大家介绍过,从本节开始,我们将为大家介绍托福听力讲座部分的文章结构。

  托福听力文章的结构多种多样,今天青岛朗阁主要要为大家介绍的是托福听力讲座部分的结构,切入点由以下三种类型展开:顺序、对比、过程。
 


 

  讲座结构:顺序类

  顺序类文章结构是比较多的,按照文章的时间顺序或者发展顺序在讲文章的内容,一般文章内容不会带有重复现象,是比较清晰的那种一段一段的内容。

  比如TPO 26 Lecture 2, 文章先讲主题The role trace metals play in carbon cycling,然后再讲了respiration呼吸作用以及photosynthesis光合作用,接着讲的是diatom藻类,再讲cadmium镉。算是环环相扣,一段接一段。
 

  讲座结构:对比类

  对比类文章结构在托福听力所有的文章类型中是比较少的。最典型的是TPO 5 Lecture 4,主旨是Differences between fairy tale and folktale。全文就讲了三个点:1. folk tale是什么;2. fairy tale是什么;3. folk tale和fairy tale的共同点和不同点。这种文章结构也是很好理解的,但是这种文章结构的细节点会比较多。

  Now, a number of things happen when an oral tale gets written down. First, the language changes. It becomes more formal, more standard - some might say, "Less colorful". It's like the difference in your language depending on whether you are talking to someone, or writing them a letter. Second, when an orally transmitted story is written down, an authoritative version with a recognized author is created. The communal aspect gets lost. The tale no longer belongs to the community. It belongs to the world, so to speak. Because of this, elements like place and time can no longer be tailored to suit a particular audience. So they become less identifiable, more generalizable to any audience. On the other hand, descriptions of characters and settings can be developed more completely. In folk tales, characters might be identified by a name, but you wouldn't know anything more about them. But in fairy tales, people no longer have to remember plots. They're written down, right? So more energy can be put into other elements of the story like character and setting. So you get more details about the characters, about where the action takes place, what people's houses were like, ur, whether they're small cabins or grand palaces. And it's worth investing that energy because the story, now in book form, isn't in danger of being lost. Those details won't be forgotten. If a folk tale isn't repeated by each generation, it may be lost for all time. But with a fairy tale, it's always there in a book, waiting to be discovered, again and again. Another interesting difference involves the change in audience. Who the stories are meant for? Contrary to what many people believe today, folk tales were originally intended for adults, not for children. So why is it that fairy tales seem targeted toward children nowadays?

  在这一段话中,关于比较的考点一共出现了四处,若是考生习惯了一段话听一个考点的话,那么就会在听力过程中出现遗漏的情况了。
 

  下节内容请点击→这里 继续学习

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