新托福阅读动物类话题词汇及长句

来源：青岛朗阁

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发布日期：2014-05-19 13:42

摘要：新托福阅读热门动物类话题如何进行解析呢？朗阁名师带领“烤鸭”们来解读托福阅读动物类话题一系列的词汇及长句。

文章标题 The Cambrian Explosion
所属话题生命科学类之动物类
文章体裁科技说明文
文章结构现象解释式
难度系数文章难度★★★★ 题目难度：★★★
各题型数量词汇题（4题）直接事实题（2题）推论题（1题）
句子简化题（1题）修辞目的题（2题）否定排除题（2题）
插入文本题（1题）摘要题（1题）
高频话题词
总结 geologic 地质的，地质上的
origin 起源，来源，渊源
originate 发源，起源，开始
cell 细胞
extinct 灭绝的，绝种的
evolve 进化，发展
diversification 多样化，多元化
explosion 爆炸，激增
multicellular 多细胞的
fossil 化石
evolutionary 进化的，演化的
fossilize 变成化石，石化
fossilization 化石化
discourage 阻止，阻碍
decomposition 分解，腐败，解体
formation 形成，构成
consist 包含
exclusively 完全地，独有地，排外地
distribution 分布
ancestor 祖先
assign 归于，归属
unique 唯一的，独特的
arise 出现
descendant 后代，子孙
marine 海洋的，海生的，海产的
unassignable 无法分配的
predator 捕食者，食肉动物
previously 以前，先前，之前
extinction 灭绝
involve 涉及
zoologist 动物学家
ecological 生态的
virtually 几乎
competition 竞争
sequence 顺序，次序
await 等待，期待
长难句 Conditions that promote fossilization of soft-bodied animals include very rapid covering by sediments that create an environment that discourages decomposition.
分析：主句为“Conditions include very rapid covering by sediments”，“that promote fossilization of soft-bodied animals”为定语从句，做Conditions的定语，关系词为that； “that create an environment that discourages decomposition”也为定语从句，做sediments的定语，关系词为that。

At one time, the animals present in these fossil beds were assigned to various modern animal groups, but most paleontologists now agree that all tommotian fossils represent unique body forms that arose in the early Cambrian period and disappeared before the end of the period, leaving no descendants in modern animal groups.
分析：本句为并列句，由连词but连接；“the animals present in these fossil beds were assigned to various modern animal groups”的主句为“the animals were assigned to various modern animal groups”“present in these fossil beds”为后置定语；“most paleontologists now agree that all tommotian fossils represent unique body forms that arose in the early Cambrian period and disappeared before the end of the period, leaving no descendants in modern animal groups.”的主句为“most paleontologists now agree that…”，其中“that all tommotian fossils represent unique body forms that arose in the early Cambrian period and disappeared before the end of the period, leaving no descendants in modern animal groups.”为that引导的宾语从句，做agree的宾语；“that arose in the early Cambrian period and disappeared before the end of the period, leaving no descendants in modern animal groups”为定语从句，做unique body forms的定语，关系词为that；“leaving no descendants in modern animal groups”为现在分词短语，在此定语从句中做伴随状语。

These fossil beds provide evidence of about 32 modern animal groups plus about 20 other animal body forms that are so different from any other modern animals that they cannot be assigned to any one of the modern groups.
分析：该句主句为“These fossil beds provide evidence of about 32 modern animal groups plus about 20 other animal body forms”；“that are so different from any other modern animals that they cannot be assigned to any one of the modern groups”为定语从句，做20 other animal body forms的定语，关系词为that；此定语从句为so…that结构，“they cannot be assigned to any one of the modern groups”为结果状语从句。
生命科学类之其他话题昆虫（蚂蚁信息素、蚂蚁交流、蜜蜂交流、蝴蝶多样性）
鸟类（始祖鸟、人工孵化、鸟类换毛、欺骗战术、筑巢、迁徙、鸣叫）
水生动物（浮游生物、鳟鱼、鱼类体液、海豚）
动物习性（认知能力、哺育后代、工具使用、保温机制、生物钟、拟态行为、摄食行为、蝙蝠和寄生虫、捕食最优化）
灭绝与进化（史前人类活动导致巨型动物灭绝、物种灭绝、动物体型进化、物种适应性）
植物（菌类、苔藓、植物的积极防御和消极防御）
动植物关系（动植物间的互利与共生）
其他生命（菌类、生命起源）
生物学原理（物种分类方法，物种适应性）