在上一篇文章中，我们先看了托福独立写作主体段中的举例论证，下面，我们就接着来看其他论证方法，托福小伙伴们跟着小编继续向下看吧~

　　第二种：递进法论证

　　分析：可以这么说，递进法是托福独立写作三个主体段在相互连接的时候要用到的连接段落的方法，一般所采用的连接词有：first of all/firstly, from one side引出第一个主体段，然后用secondly, second of all, from the other side, moreover等来引出第二个主体段，然后用Thirdly, finally等引出第三个主体段。符合托福独立写作评分标准里well organized and well developed(5分)的要求。下面为大家举一个例子：

　　题目：Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Parents or other adult relatives should make important decisions for their (15-18 year-old) teenage children.

　　这篇托福独立写作文章的三个主体段的开头，高分范文分别用了：

　　First of all, teenage children have the tendency to live in their own fantasies.

　　Second of all, I think that parents have the right to interfere in their children’s lives.

　　Finally, I think teenage children should be more open-minded with their parents.

　　分析：我们看到这三个托福独立写作主体段分别用了以上的连接词来表示段落和段落之间的递进关系，引出了每一段的开头。这种表示递进的连接词学生可以适当背一两个就行，考试的时候用出来就好了，因为考试的时候是几乎每篇文章都适用的。

　　第三种：对比论证

　　这种论证方法可以说在托福独立写作比较类的题型里面比较常见，这里很多同学比较困惑什么是比较类题型。这里我给大家先解释一下：

　　1.有明显的比较级的单词：than。

　　题目例子：Your job has greater happiness than your social life.

　　2.给你两样东西a or b, 问你喜欢哪一个?或者哪一个更加好?

　　题目例子：Some movies are serious, designed to make the audience think. Other movies are designed primarily to amuse and entertain. Which type of movie do you prefer?

　　接下来我给大家举一个典型的托福独立写作对比论证的例子：

　　题目：Life today is easier and more comfortable than it was when your grandparents were children. (TPO 6)

　　其中三段的主体段里面作者都会用到对比论证：

　　第一个主体段：However, people were much more stable and care-free when our grandparents were children; they did not have to learn a second language in order to get a better job, or read a lot in order to get informed.

　　第二个主体段：But several decades ago, people treasured their friends and maintained relatively close interpersonal relations, which is much more enjoyable than the estrangements we are experiencing.

　　第三个主体段：Several decades ago, people could still live closer to nature and make rational use of modern technology, which to me is the essence of human living experience.

　　分析：这里我想跟同学们说，在对比类型的文章里面，一定要在每一段的最后用到对比论证，突出自己支持或者表明的观点的好处或者是对的，而另外一个不支持的观点是错误的或者有很多弊端的，达到肯定自己的观点，否定对方观点的作用，这是在托福独立写作的对比性文章里面必须使用的论证方法。

　　第四种：转折关系和因果论证

　　这种论证方法往往在托福独立写作主体段的第二句写支持句的时候和最后一句转折句中出现。接下来我们来看一下典型的例子：

　　Does modern technology help students learn more information and learn it more quickly? (2011.08.02 Independent Writing)

　　第三个托福独立写作主体段作者写到：Furthermore, modern technology gives students an illusion that information and real knowledge is easy to learn – just by clicking mouse or watching videos. But in fact this forms only the first step towards useful information and effective learning, as learning of any kind requires full concentration and interactive thinking, which are almost absent in the process of popular e-learning experience.

　　分析：这里我们可以看到作者先是说出了使用现代化高科技学习表面上看是只要轻点鼠标和看视频就可以学习到有用的知识，但是作者马上用转折关系的连词but说到这个只是有效学习的第一步，然后引出用as连接的因果关系论证的句子：任何种类的学习都需要全神专注，交互性的思考，而这点是在现在比较流行的电子学习经历当中所缺失的。大家要记住因果论证用于第二句支持句的解释说明功能的句子里很多，而but连接的转折句子往往是用于否定前面表面上看似正确的观点，而肯定后面自己的观点的论证方式。

　　好了，到这里我们托福独立写作的四种论证方法就说完了，考生们理解了吗?如果还有什么问题，托福考生们可以留言在线客服，让青岛朗阁智美的专业老师为你解答哦~考生们加油吧!

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