考试日期

2015.7.11

Passage 1

Title：The longleaf pine

Question  types：

TRUE/FALSE/NOT GIVEN 4题

Flow Chart 3 题

填空题 6题

参考文章

Saving a Forgotten forests The longleaf pine

Found only in the  Deep South of America, longleaf pine woodlands have dwindled to about  3percent of their former range, but new efforts are under way to restore  them.

A  The beauty and the biodiversity of the longleaf pine forest are well-kept  secrets, even in its native South. Yet it is among the richest ecosystems in  North America, rivaling tallgrass prairies and the ancient forests of the  Pacific Northwest in the number of species it shelters. And like those two  other disappearing wildlife habitats, longleaf is also critically endangered.  

B  In longleaf pine forests, trees grow widely scattered, creating an open, park  like environment, more like a savanna than a forest. The trees are not so  dense as to block the sun. This openness creates a forest floor that is among  the most diverse in the world, where plants such as many-flowered grass  pinks, trumpet pitcher plants, Venus flytraps, lavender ladies and pineland  bog-buttons grow. As many as 50different species of wildflowers, shrubs,  grasses and ferns have been cataloged in just a single square meter.

C Once, nearly 92 million acres of longleaf forest flourished  from Virginia to Texas, the only place in the world where it is found. By the  turn of the 21st century, however, virtually all of it had been logged, paved  or farmed into oblivion. Only about 3 percent of the original range still  supports longleaf forest, and only about 10,000 acres of that is uncut  old-growth—the rest is forest that has regrown after cutting.

D Figuring out how to bring back the piney woods also will allow  biologists to help the plants and animals that depend on this habitat. Nearly  two-thirds of the declining, threatened or endangered species in the  southeastern United States are associated with longleaf. The outright  destruction of longleaf is only part of their story, says Mark Danaher, the  biologist for South Carolina’s Francis Marion National Forest. He says the  demise of these animals and plants also is tied to a lack of fire, which once  swept through the southern forests on a regular basis. "Fire is  absolutely critical for this ecosystem and for the species that depend on  it," says Danaher.

E Name just about any species that occurs in longleaf and you  can find a connection to fire. Bachman’s sparrow is a secretive bird with a  beautiful song that echoes across the longleaf flatwoods. It tucks its nest  on the ground beneath dumps of wiregrass and little bluestem in the open  under- story. But once fire has been absent for several years, and a tangle  of shrubs starts to grow, the sparrows disappear. Gopher tortoises, the only native  land tortoises east of the Mississippi, are also abundant in longleaf. A  keystone species for these forests, its burrows provide homes and safety to  more than 300 species of vertebrates and invertebrates ranging from eastern  diamond- back rattlesnakes to gopher frogs. If fire is suppressed, however,  the tortoises are choked out. "If we lose fire," says Bob Mitchell,  an ecologist at the Jones Center, "we lose wildlife.’

F Without fire, we also lose longleaf. Fire knocks back the oaks  and other hardwoods that can grow up to overwhelm longleaf forests.  "They are fire forests," Mitchell says. "They evolved in the  lightning capital of the eastern United States." And it wasn’t only  lightning strikes that set the forest aflame. “Native Americans also lit fires  to keep the forest open," Mitchell says. “So did the early pioneers.  They helped create the longleaf pine forests that we know today."

G Fire also changes how nutrients flow throughout longleaf  ecosystems, in ways we are just beginning to understand. For example,  researchers have discovered that frequent fires provide extra calcium, which  is critical for egg production, to endangered red-cockaded woodpeckers.  Frances James, a retired avian ecologist from Florida State University, has  studied these small black- and-white birds for more than two decades in  Florida’s sorawling Apalachicola National Forest. When she realised female  woodpeckers laid larger clutches in the first breeding season after their  territories were burned, she and her colleagues went searching for answers.  "We learned calcium is stashed away in woody shrubs when the forest is  not burned," James says. "But when there is a fire, a pulse of  calcium moves down into the soil and up into the longleaf." Eventually,  this calcium makes its way up the food chain to a tree-dwelling species of  ant, which is the red- cockaded’s favorite food. The result: more calcium for  the birds, which leads to more eggs, more young and more woodpeckers.

H Today, fire is used as a vital management tool for preserving  both longleaf and its wildlife. Most of these fires are prescribed burns,  deliberately set with a drip torch. Although the public often opposes any  type of fire—and the smoke that goes with it—these frequent, low-intensity  bums reduce the risk of catastrophic conflagrations. "Forests are going  to bum," says Amadou Diop, NWF’s southern forests restoration manager.  "It’s just a question of when. With prescribed bums, we can pick the  time and the place."

I Restoring longleaf is not an easy task. The herbaceous  layer—the understory of wiregrasses and other plants, also needs to be  re-created. In areas where the land has not been chewed up by farming, but  converted to loblolly or slash pine plantations, the seed bank of the  longleaf forest usually remains viable beneath the soil. In time, this  original vegetation can be coaxed back. Where agriculture has destroyed the  seeds, however, wiregrass must be replanted. Right now, the expense is  prohibitive, but researchers are searching for low-cost solutions.

J Bringing back longleaf is not for the short-sighted, however.  Few of us will be alive when the pines being planted today become mature  forests in 70 to 80 years. But that is not stopping longleaf enthusiasts.  "Today, it’s getting hard to find longleaf seedlings to buy," one  of the private landowners says. “Everyone wants them. Longleaf is in a  resurgence."

题型技巧分析

Summary做题步骤：

(1)         仔细读摘要的第一句话，找出它在原文中的出处，通常是和原文某段话的第一句相对应。

(2)         注意空格前后的词，到原文中去找这些词的对应词。

(3)         仔细阅读对应所在的句子，确定正确答案。

(4)         注意语法，所填答案必须符合语法规定。

(5)         注意顺序性，即题目的顺序和原文的顺序基本一致。

参考答案：

Questions 1-6

Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the  passage for each answer. Write your answers in boxes 1-5 on your answer  sheet.

Forest fire ensures that:

·it help the Birds locate their 1____  in the ground.

·The burrows of a species of 2_____  provide homes to many other animals. Hardwoods such as 3_____ don’t take  over.

Apart from fires lit by 4____. ·Fires  are created by 5____ and European settlers.

·Fires deliberately lit are called  6____

Question 7-9

Complete the flow-chart below. Choose ONE WORD  ONLY from the passage for each answer. Write your answers in boxes 6-9 on  your answer sheet.

How to increase the number of cockaded  woodpeckers Calcium stored in shrubs

↓

Shrubs are burned

Calcium released into 7....... And travel up  to the leaves

↓

8........ are eaten

↓

Number of 9....... increases

↓

More cockaded woodpeckers

Questions 10-13

Do the following statements agree with the  information given in Reading Passage 1? In boxes 10-13 on your answer sheet,

write TRUE if the statement agrees with the  information.

write FALSE if the statement contradicts the  information. write NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this

10 The sparse distribution of longleaf pine  trees leads to the most diversity of species.

11 It is easier to restore forests converted  to farms than forests converted to plantations.

12 The technology in recreating the herbaceous  layer will phase out in near future due to the high cost

13 Few people in this restoration program will  see the replanted forest reach its maturity.

答案：（待补充）

剑桥雅思真题推荐原文

C9T1P3

Passage 2

Title：Gesture

Question  types：

List of  Headings 6题

Matching 5题

Multiple  Choice 3题

题型技巧分析

List of Headings解题步骤：

1.    阅读题目要求，把例题所选小标题从小标题列表中划掉。（因为一个段落所选标题其他段落是不会重复的）

2.    阅读所有小标题，判定反向思维词，并进行反向思维。

3.    浏览段落。

4.    比较段落与小标题，并利用排除法解答。

参考答案：

待补充

剑桥雅思真题推荐原文

C7P3T2

Passage 3

Title：Leister Curve

Question  types：

Multiple  Choice 3题

TRUE/FALSE/NOT GIVEN 5题

Matching 5题

文章大意

英国莱斯特剧院的设计

题型技巧分析

选择题特点：

1.注重考查细节；

2.一般四个选项之间意思差别较大；

3.正确答案一般为原文的同义词替换；

选择题做题步骤：

1.skim文章，了解文章大意；

2.阅读题干和选项，寻找定位词；

3.题干定位词大体定位，选项定位词细定位；

4.分析题目与原文关系，找到答案。

参考答案：

1-3  multiple choice

1.  The first paragraph has referred the purpose Challenge the traditional  architecture

2.  the description of the theatre which is the correct one aptly named

3.  make the building process completed

4-8  YES/NO/NG

4  问是否有其他建筑物与其相比  -- YES

5  有个建筑开建之前已经获得认可  had a permit--NO

6  这间音乐厅建成之后其他的儿就要关门了--NG

7  设计师  RV 的目的是符合表演家将来的风格--YES

8  这一音乐厅是复制了其他家的风格  –NO

9-14  SUMMARY

临街的人能看到 people on-view

9  Large vehicles

10  Behind the scene

11  Public actor performance 12 Curtain

13  Walk huge

剑桥雅思真题推荐原文

C9T2P3

考试趋势分析和备考指导

本场雅思阅读考试中，配对题超过判断成为题目数量最多的题型，考了10道；填空题和选择题数量相等，各6道；在前两个月中每月各考次的List of Headings在7月第一次出现。根据最近几个月的考试趋势，配对题和判断题为考试的重中之重，需要格外重视，其中配对题的难度较大，需要更多时间练习。