任何一门语言考试的阅读类考题，词汇都是基础，那对于以学术类文章著称的托福阅读文章，词汇要如何准备那?下面，就让青岛朗阁智美的老师来为托福考生们详细讲解~
        青岛朗阁智美名师 朱艳丽

　　在这里，青岛朗阁智美老师将需要准备的托福阅读词汇分为3类。

　　第一类需要准备的托福阅读词汇是TPO中整理出来的同近义词，这些同近义词多为动词或形容词，而这些词是帮助大家看懂选项的，因为托福阅读题型当中有一半以上的题型需要用到同义替换，而同义替换中的好多词是高频词汇，比如striking, scores, facilitate, myriad, depict等，掌握好这些词会在托福考生们做题的过程中起到事半功倍的作用;除了看懂一般的选项，在paraphrase这个题型当中，同近义词的作用尤其重要，因为这个题型考的是语义和逻辑，而语义就是通过同近义词的替换来展现出来的，比如：

　　As a result of crustal adjustments and faulting, the Strait of Gibraltar, where the Mediterranean now connects to the Atlantic, opened, and water cascaded spectacularly back into the Mediterranean.

　　A.The strait of Gibraltar reopened when the Mediterranean and the Atlantic became connected and the cascades of water from one sea to the other caused crustal adjustments and faulting.

　　B.The Mediterranean was dramatically refilled by water from the Atlantic when crustal adjustments and faulting opened the Strait of Gibraltar, the place where the two seas are joined.

　　C.The cascades of water from the Atlantic to the Mediterranean were not as spectacular as the crustal adjustments and faulting that occurred when the Strait of Gibraltar was connected to those seas.

　　D.As a result of crustal adjustments and faulting; and the creation of the Strait of Gibraltar, the Atlantic and Mediterranean were connected and became a single sea with spectacular cascades of water between them.

　　这个题目答案是B.单从同义替换的角度分析: dramatically替换了spectacularly, 都是指壮观的、引人注目的，且词性没变;be refilled替换了cascade, 原文用了主动cascade指倾泻，选项句子结构改为被动be refilled，被填满;join替换connect。作为作对paraphrase题非常重要的基础，同近义词的作用可见一斑。

　　第二类需要准备的托福阅读词汇是专业词汇，这些词汇是帮助托福考生们看懂文章的。常考的有地理geography, 地质geology, 天文astronomy, 化学chemistry, 物理physics, 生物biology, 植物botany, 动物animals, 人类学anthropology, 社会学sociology, 农业agriculture, 气象学meteorology，还有人物等。而对于这些专业词汇，给托福考生们的建议是识读就可以了，但同时要掌握相关的背景知识，背景+词汇，看起文章来就会如虎添翼。

　　如：In order to understand ancient Egyptian art, it is vital to know as much as possible of the elite Egyptians’ view of the world and the functions and contexts of the art produced for them. Without this knowledge we can appreciate only the formal content of Egyptian art, and we will fail to understand why it was produced or the concepts that shaped it and caused it to adopt its distinctive forms. In fact, a lack of understanding concerning the purposed of Egyptians art has often led it to be compared unfavorably with the art of other cultures: why did the Egyptians not develop sculpture in which the body turned and twisted through space like classical Greek statuary? Why do the artists seem to get left and right confused? And why dis they not discover the geometric perspective as European artists did in the Renaissance?

　　对于这个讲述埃及雕塑的段落，托福考生们除了要了解雕塑类词汇，如stature,sculpture,statuary,geometry等，最好能对埃及建筑的frontality(正面描绘)有一定的了解，即埃及的大多数建筑都是正面向前，其目的就是能够代表神，国王等，接受凡人的礼拜，祭祀等活动。

　　第三类需要托福考生们掌握的是词根词缀，尤其是分类词汇的词根词缀。当然，记单词的方法有很多，比如联想记忆，谐音记忆等，但最广泛最实用的能帮助托福考生们大量扩充单词的是词根词缀。比如：天文类的aster/ astr/stell，这三个词根指的都是星星。首先，aster是由拉丁文字来的，指的是a star 一颗星星;而astr是把万能e去掉后的变形;stell是把元音a和辅音r去掉后的变形。知道这个背景后，在记忆与此词根相关的单词时就容易许多。如以下单词：

　　asteroid 小行星带(-roid小的 tabloid街边小报)

　　disaster 灾难 (dis否定+aster 星位不正，预示有灾难 )

　　astronomy 天文学

　　astrology 占星术(-logy=学科)

　　以上就是三类托福考生们需要准备的阅读词汇了，大家可以按照上面的分类来整理记忆，相信一定会为大家的托福阅读有所帮助~

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