新托福阅读中常见词的“冷门”词义（上）

来源：朗阁海外考试研究中心

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发布日期：2017-09-01 09:02

摘要：新托福阅读常见词的冷门词义汇总。

　　如果能把杂乱零散的词分好类别，背单词时的效率就会提高不少，朗阁海外考试研究中心的老师发现，一些词汇书会存在一些小疏忽，例如把crater放到地质话题里，这个安排虽然是合理的，但是给出的意思是“弹坑”就会让人觉得是个军事词汇，在新托福阅读中,crater的常见意思是“撞击坑”、“火山口”，有时候也可以做动词讲，意思是“在……上形成坑”，要是能有一本书把这些意思都罗列上，同学们看过后在进行新托福阅读考试的时候，思路就会清晰很多。

　　本文中，青岛朗阁将为同学们带来由朗阁海外考试研究中心的老师归纳的新托福阅读常见词汇，希望可以帮同学们减轻一些负担。

序号	词汇	理解上的偏差	例句与出处
与逻辑有关

1	and	会误解为“并且”，实际上还可理解为“因此、所以”，只要看出“and”左右两边的事情不是同时发生就可明白意思。	As a result of crustal adjustments and faulting, the Strait of Gibraltar, where the Mediterranean now connects to the Atlantic, opened, and water cascaded spectacularly back into the Mediterranean. (TPO7 The Geologic History of the Mediterranean)
2	in turn	会误以为是字典里的头条注释：“反过来”。实际上可以理解为“接着会…（发生）…”	The conventional theory is that people yawn when bored or sleepy because yawning raises blood oxygen levels, which in turn raises alertness. (TPO18 The mystery of yawning)
3	allow	往往会理解为是“允许”，其实常见的是指“使…可能发生”，带有因果逻辑在里面。	Within the turtle's flippers, there is a countercurrent exchange system that allows colder blood vessels to absorb heat from nearby warmer blood vessels and then return warmed blood to the turtle's body. (TPO15 A Warm-Blooded Turtle)
4	permit	同上，也存在“使有可能”的释义，且确实在托福阅读里较常见。	Extracting heat from very hot, dry rocks presents a more difficult problem: the rocks must be fractured to permit the circulation of water, and the water must be provided artificially. The rocks are fractured by water pumped down at very high pressures. (TPO21 Geothermal Energy)
5	responsible	说起“负责”，其实本身就有“导致”的意思，比如机场爆炸案，恐怖组织宣布“负责”，意思就是“我导致的，我造成的”，并非是常见的涉及“关爱”的那种“负责”，这个和日常交流带来的理解偏差有关系。	Higher temperatures and pressures promote sedimentation, which is responsible for petroleum formation. (TPO4 Petroleum Resources)
6	yet	作为连词，应该要理解为“但是”。	Of course, the contrast is not quite so stark: in Alexander the Great the Greeks had found the greatest territorial conqueror of all time; and the Romans, once they moved outside Italy, did not fail to learn the lessons of sea power. Yet the essential difference is undeniable. (TPO7 Ancient Rome and Greece)
7	account for	根据个人实际教学，“（比例上）占…”与“解释”这两个意思，很多人只知道任意一个。	#Heavy rain accounts for most of the water that enters into lakes. (TPO24 Lake Water) #Scientists will not be able to account for climate changeover the past century until they learn more about the urban heat island. (TPO48 Climate and Urban Development)
8	suggest	在托福里，真的很少见到“建议”这种说法，倒是往往与下结论有关，可理解为“表明”。	Timberline trees are normally evergreens, suggesting that these have some advantage over deciduous trees (those that lose their leaves) in the extreme environments of the upper timberline. (TPO1 Timberline Vegetation on Mountains)
9	though	若是副词，就该理解为“然而”，可是多数人不明此事，老师在课上应该多强调这种看似简单其实会导致理解有误的词汇。	If true, though, why did cold-blooded animals such as snakes, lizards, turtles, and crocodiles survive the freezing winters and torrid summers? (TPO8 Dinosaur Extinctions)